Deteksi Kanker Esofagus dari Protein Mcm5
Although there are no symptoms at all, the symptoms of the esophagus can be detected early by measuring the protein content is taken from the fluid in the esophagus lenderi. Esophagus one channel of the body organs such as muscle-walled tube, starting from the pharynx to the stomach. Esophagus including upper GI. This section is the narrowest of the digestive tract and is still narrowed again. The parts of the narrowed channel such important to note, especially when entering the instrument for endoscopy.
Wall of the esophagus consists of four layers: the outer layer (fibrous), muscle layer, submucosal layer, and layer in (mucosa). The outer layer contains many elastic fibers, whereas the muscle layer of the muscle layer in the outer elongated and circular muscle on the inside. Submucosal layer contains blood vessels and larger nerves. Meanwhile, a thick layer of reddish mukosanya. This layer of mucus that pave the way food from the mouth to the stomach. According to Dr R Dukut Kostomo and Dr. Soemardi of Ajoedi Dharmais Cancer Hospital in Jakarta on a discussion of upper GI in Jakarta some time ago, the organ can become abnormal. Signs swallowing complaints.
According to reports, from 1438 people with symptoms refluk (heat effect due to the influence of digestive enzymes) oesophagitis and heartburn (hot or burning feeling when the food into the esophagus channel) in oesophageal cancer in 356 cases (189 Adeno carcinoma, 167 cells skwamosa carcinoma), 262 gastric cardia carcinoma (a total of 618 cases), and 820 normal. "From this fact and heartburn refluk relationship with abnormalities in the esophagus is considered more powerful than the defect in the gastric cardia," said Dukut. So far to detect an upper GI cancer, including the esophagus, is to implement anamnesa, esofago-gastro duodenografi (OMD), esofago Gastroscopy-biopsy, and thoracic CT scan. If there are cases that can be operated (resection), it can be done in total and reconstructed.
Meanwhile, Dr Agus Sudiro Waspodo of Endoscopic RSKD Installation Section in seminars on endoscopy a few moments ago in Jakarta said, endoscopy is very useful way to detect cancer in internal organs, including the gastrointestinal tract. One of the cancer cases that can be observed with the endoscope is a cancer of the esophagus. "The narrowing of the esophagus is difficult to observe. Hence, endoscopy is very important in diagnosing the condition of internal organs in that part, "said Agus. In a healthy esophagus whitish pink. Vein pattern has many branches, and the bottom of the esophagus resembles a red screen. With the endoscope abnormalities occur in these organs can be known, ie if found spots with different colors than the normal color.
Protein
Recently, the experts developed a way of testing that can diagnose the esophagus, tumors, or cancers that previously high levels of accuracy yet. The team from the University of College London (UCL) hope this can improve patient survival. Treatment can be done quickly if the cancer is found at an early stage. Testing was done by measuring the protein content of mucus taken from the fluid in the esophagus.
In this way the symptoms of cancer can be detected at an early stage although there are no symptoms at all. The results of this study published in the British Journal of Cancer. In the liquid sample is taken there is a protein called Mcm5. Mcm5 protein is one of a family of proteins called minichromosome maintenance (MCM). This protein is marked by the growth of cells, causing uncontrolled malignancy. The experts had analyzed samples from 40 patients at Addenbrooke Hospital, Cambridge, England. Most of these patients with cancer of the esophagus and others do not have this cancer. Testing was successfully detect cases of the disease with accuracy rates of 85 percent. Research team leader, Professor Gareth Williams, said, in general, difficult oesophageal cancer is diagnosed at an early stage.
With this simple test doctors and patients benefit to know the condition from the beginning. The study shows that early detection becomes an important step to improve the survival prospects for patients with oesophageal cancer. Endurance for five years in patients with oesophageal cancer in the UK today by eight percent. If done early detection, surgery and chemotherapy can improve survival up to 80 percent. Dr Stephen Middleton, who led the clinical trial at the hospital, said this study based on pathological analysis, or technical changes seen from the microscope cell.
This method has the advantage than the endoscope used in the general checking their patient's esophagus and high risk in the growth of cells in the channel. That way, way more secure and provide comfort to the patient. Mcm5 protein plays an important role in cell division. In normal cells, the levels in the fluid Mcm5 very limited. Thus, cells divide only when necessary in certain circumstances. Cancer will grow when the control on the growth of these cells decreased.
The decline was even enhance the level of cell division Mcm5 and uncontrollable. Williams said the tests on the high levels of the test makes doctors Mcm5 able to see cancers at an early stage. This test showed aberrant cellular processes that occurred long before the tumor reaches a size easily detected. The team from UCL is now planning to investigate further in a larger scale. In the UK there are currently more than 7,000 cases of oesophageal cancer each year. These diseases include ranking the ninth of cancer cases in general. Oesophageal cancer growth in the last 15 years increased to 27 percent.
Esophagus Cancer Symptoms
Oesophageal cancer is usually difficult to diagnose at an early stage. The difficulty is caused by at least the symptoms that they encountered. Difficulty swallowing is not an early symptom, although specific for upper GI disorders. If the complaint is coupled with heartburn (hot or burning feeling when the food into the esophagus channel) and refluk (heat effects due to the influence of digestive enzymes) so it can direct the allegations of cancer. Complaints that arise in cases of benign tumors of the esophagus is difficulty swallowing and bleeding.
Whereas in the case of esophageal malignan tumors (malignant type), said Dr. Agus Sudiro Waspodo of Endoscopic Installation Section Dharmais Cancer Hospital, is the continued difficulty swallowing or progressively worse. Early symptoms are usually accompanied by the fear of choking when swallowing food, and the pain spreads, followed by weight loss due to reduced appetite. Another symptom is pain in the form of pressure on heartburn, weight loss, pain or discomfort in the throat or back, and pain behind the breastbone or between the shoulder blades.
For breast cancer, there are some easy ways to detect breast cancer. First, examine both breasts in the mirror with your arms down. Compare, if there are changes in shape between the two?
Second, press your hands on your hips and move forward with a shrug. This movement will tense the muscles of the chest. If there is, the lump will be visible.
Third, raise your left arm and place it on the back of the head. Touch your breasts by using three fingers are pressed together. Do the other breast
Fourth, gently press the area around the breast nipple. Consider, if the discharge is not normal?
Fifth, pay attention to upper breast near the armpit. In this area many breast tumors found. Are there any irregularities? If so, see your breasts immediately.
Oh, yes, big lump in the breast cancer may indicate stadiumnya weight. For stage I, a large lump of about 1 cm-2 cm. Stage II, a large lump 2 cm-5 cm. If a large lump was more than 5 cm, meaning the cancer had gone into the stadium is the stadium III.Yang I, II, III is the cancer has not attacked any other organs. This situation happens in stage IV breast cancer.
In addition to checking yourself regularly, we can also try to prevent breast cancer. Therefore, factors other than hormonal disorders, cancer can also be caused by external factors. Like smoking, excessive sunlight, alcohol, foods that are smoked, baked, or preserved with nitrites.
Instead, consume fibrous foods such as wheat, rice, vegetables, and fruits
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